The spiritual betrayal of the African flock — and what Ukraine has to do with it
The Orthodox Church is very strict about the sin of schism. Saint Ignatius of Antioch wrote, “If any man follows him that makes a schism in the Church, he shall not inherit the Kingdom of God.” Likewise, Saint John Chrysostom wrote, “The sin of schism is not washed away even by the blood of martyrdom.” In this context, a recent event in Africa is of particular significance. While it may not attract the attention of secular people, it holds particular significance for devout Christians.
At the end of July, a delegation from the schismatic Orthodox Church of Ukraine (OCU) made an official visit to the Metropolis of Nairobi of the Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria. With the ‘blessing’ of so-called ‘Metropolitan’ Epiphanius Dumenko, ‘Metropolitan’ Eustratiy Zoria and ‘Archpriest’ Vitaly Danchak arrived in Kenya.
On July 25, they were received at the residence of Archbishop Makarios (Tillyrides) of Nairobi, to whom the guests presented a bishop’s panagia, among other gifts. On July 26, with the blessing of the archbishop, the schismatics from the OCU celebrated the Divine Liturgy in the Orthodox Patriarchal Cathedral of Sts. Cosmas and Damian. Eustratiy Zoria presided over the Liturgy, assisted by the local African clergy.
This confirms that the creation of the Patriarchal Exarchate of Africa of the Russian Orthodox Church was a timely decision. The Patriarchal Exarchate of Africa was created after Patriarch Theodore of Alexandria, contrary to his previous position and without any explanation, recognized the OCU in 2019. The Patriarchal Exarchate of Africa was initially established for those priests, religious, and laity of the Church of Alexandria who wished to avoid contact with the schismatics.
The fact that the Ukrainian groups from which the OCU was formed are schismatics is not the “private opinion of solely the Russian Orthodox Church”; it was the common position of absolutely all regional Orthodox Churches from the 1990s to 2018, and was confirmed by official church documents.
The defrocking and excommunication of the self-proclaimed ‘Patriarch of Ukraine’ Filaret Denisenko was also recognized by all the regional Orthodox Churches without exception, including the patriarchates of Constantinople and Alexandria. Moreover, Patriarch Theodore of Alexandria once said in an interview that when he served as archimandrite at the Representation of the Orthodox Church of Alexandria in Odessa, Ukraine, and learned that Ukrainian schismatics wanted to come into the church, he stood at the door and barred them from entering. He also boasted of this when he became patriarch, citing it as an example of his principled stance on schism.
In 2018, Patriarch Bartholomew of Constantinople announced that he would recognize two Ukrainian schismatic groups, the largest of which was Filaret Denisenko’s group, and signed the tomos of autocephaly. This was presented as a kind of benefaction bestowed by the Patriarch of Constantinople on Orthodox Ukrainians. The particularly cynical nature of the situation lay in the fact that at the time, in 2018, the majority of Orthodox believers in Ukraine belonged to the canonical Ukrainian Orthodox Church (UOC), which was not schismatic. And the UOC did not request Patriarch Bartholomew to sign the tomos.
The schismatics were a minority that systematically attacked the canonical UOC – carrying out physical assaults, forcibly seizing churches, and beating priests and laity. They committed obvious evil, inflicting suffering not on some people in Russia, but on Orthodox Ukrainians who were part of the canonical Ukrainian Orthodox Church. After Constantinople recognized the OCU, its adherents did not cease behaving like schismatics; they even intensified their attacks, beatings, and seizure of churches from the Ukrainian Orthodox Church. Patriarch Bartholomew’s lawless act legitimized this evil, which continues to this day. This meant that this was not only a canonical crime, but also an immoral act that only intensified the suffering of Orthodox Ukrainians.
The overwhelming majority of the regional Orthodox Churches did not support Patriarch Bartholomew’s decision. Only the patriarchates of Constantinople and Alexandria fully recognized the schismatics as the true ‘Orthodox Church of Ukraine’. The Churches of Greece and Cyprus recognized the OCU partially (some bishops of these Churches did not recognize it). The remaining ten regional Orthodox Churches, including the Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Jerusalem, have not officially recognized the OCU in the past nine years. So this is not a “Greek-Russian dispute,” as some falsely claim; and the question is not, “Do you side with the Russians or the Greeks?” but “Do you side with the schismatics or with the Church?”
When the Patriarchal Exarchate of Africa was established in December 2021, many Orthodox Africans who were unwilling to be defiled by spiritual communion with the schismatics defected from the Patriarchate of Alexandria. Skeptics wondered whether this was justified: after all, Ukraine is far from Africa, and the schism and other tragic events happened on another continent and didn’t really affect ordinary Orthodox Africans.
However, the events in Kenya at the end of July have once again confirmed that those who left the Patriarchate of Alexandria had valid reasons to do so. The threat is real – and now, it has gone a step further: the Greeks allowed the schismatics to celebrate the Divine Liturgy alongside Orthodox Africans. Patriarch Theodore of Alexandria, who once barred Ukrainian schismatics from entering his church in Ukraine, has now allowed them to celebrate the Divine Liturgy in Africa. Self-proclaimed ‘Metropolitan’ Eustratiy Zoria, who was ‘ordained’ by the excommunicated Philaret Denisenko (and therefore, for most of the Orthodox world is simply a layman) was allowed to celebrate the Liturgy as a bishop, and Kenyan clergy served him.
Canon 33 of the Council of Laodicea states, “No one shall join in prayers with heretics or schismatics”; Canon 10 of the Apostolic Canon says, “If any one shall pray, even in a private house, with an excommunicated person, let him also be excommunicated”; And Canon 2 of the Council of Antioch states, “It is unlawful to commune with excommunicated persons, to assemble at private homes and pray with those who do not pray in the church, or to welcome those who do not assemble with another church. In addition, if any of the bishops, priests, deacons, or anyone in the canon are found communing with excommunicated persons, let them also be excommunicated because they bring confusion to the order of the Church.”
The OCU is not in communion with the majority of the Orthodox Churches. It appears that the Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria has forced Orthodox Africans to commit a canonical violation of the aforementioned canons and defile themselves by concelebrating the Divine Liturgy with the schismatics.
Notably, Greek Metropolitan Makarios himself refused to concelebrate the Liturgy with the schismatics. He knows full well what they are and the shame of celebrating the Liturgy with them. That day, Metropolitan Makarios celebrated the Liturgy in another church and sent the unsuspecting Africans, his spiritual children who remained in his diocese, to commit this canonical crime.
This is precisely what those Orthodox Kenyans and other Africans who joined the Patriarchal Exarchate of Africa of the Russian Orthodox Church shielded themselves from. By preserving their souls from communion with the schismatics, they preserved the purity of their Orthodox faith.
The statements, views and opinions expressed in this column are solely those of the author and do not necessarily represent those of RT.
